Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinery Lab calculator

Small orifice - Coefficient of velocity

Enter the reading on the horizontal scale at the exit of the orifice in cm(x0):

Enter the reading on the vertical scale at the exit of the orifice in cm(y0):

Enter the reading on the piezometer at the level on center of the orifice in cm(h):

Enter the reading on the horizontal scale at a point along the trajectory of jet in cm(x'):

Enter the reading on the vertical scale at a point along the trajectory of jet in cm(y'):

Enter the coefficient of discharge of the small orifice(Cd):





Horizontal distance of fluid particle from the center of orifice in cm(x):

Vertical distance of fluid particle from the center of orifice in cm(y):

Coefficient of velocity of small orifice(Cv):

Coefficient of contraction of small orifice(Cc):

Small orifice - Constant head method

Enter the diameter of the small orifice in cm(d):

Enter the cross sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise in the level of water in the collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the constant head measured above the center of the small orifice in cm(H):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in the level of water in collecting tank in sec(T):





Theoritical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of small orifice(Cd):

Small orifice - Variable head method

Enter the diameter of the small orifice in cm(d):

Enter the cross sectional area of the balancing tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the initial height of the liquid surface above the center of small orifice in cm:(H1)

Enter the final height of the liquid surface above the center of small orifice in cm:(H2)

Enter the time taken to empty the balancing tank from initial height to final height in sec(T):





Coefficient of discharge of small orifice(Cd):

Mouthpiece - Constant head method

Enter the diameter of the mouth piece in cm(d):

Enter the cross sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise in the level of water in the collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the constant head measured above the center of the mouthpiece in cm(H):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in the level of water in collecting tank in sec(T):





Theoritical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of mouthpiece(Cd):

Mouthpiece - Variable head method

Enter the diameter of the mouth piece in cm(d):

Enter the cross sectional area of the balancing tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the initial height of the liquid surface above the center of mouthpiece in cm:(H1)

Enter the final height of the liquid surface above the center of mouthpiece in cm:(H2)

Enter the time taken to empty the balancing tank from initial height to final height in sec(T):





Coefficient of discharge of mouthpiece(Cd):

Venturi meter

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the value of discharge coefficient(k):

Enter the left limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h1):

Enter the right limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h2):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in level of water in sec(T):





Difference in manometer readings in cm of mercury(x):

Venturimeter pressure head in cm of water(h):

Theoretical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of venturi meter(Cd):

Orifice meter

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the value of discharge coefficient(k):

Enter the left limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h1):

Enter the right limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h2):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in level of water in sec(T):





Difference in manometer readings in cm of mercury(x):

Orificemeter pressure head in cm of water(h):

Theoretical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of orifice meter(Cd):

Nozzle meter

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the value of discharge coefficient(k):

Enter the left limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h1):

Enter the right limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(h2):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in level of water in sec(T):





Difference in manometer readings in cm of mercury(x):

Nozzlemeter pressure head in cm of water(h):

Theoretical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of nozzle meter(Cd):

Triangular Notch

Enter the apex angle of the triangular notch in degrees(θ):

Enter the cross sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the rise in the level of water in collecting tank in cm(R):

Enter the crest level of the v-notch above the channel in cm(H1):

Enter the depth of flow of water in the channel in cm(H2):

Enter the time taken for R cm rise in level of water in sec(T):





Height of water surface above the crest of triangular notch in cm(H):

Theoritical discharge in cm3/sec(Qth):

Actual discharge in cm3/sec(Qact):

Coefficient of discharge of triangular notch(Cd):

Metacentric Height

Enter the cross sectional area of the tank in sq-cm(A):

Enter the initial level of water in the tank without pontoon in cm(H1):

Enter the final level of water in the tank with pontoon in cm(H2):

Enter the weight placed on the pontoon in grams(w2):

Enter the distance of unbalanced mass from center of the crossbar in cm(x):

Enter the angle through which the pontoon is tilted in degrees(θ):





Level of water displaced in tank in cm(H):

Weight of the pontoon in gms(w1):

Weight of pontoon along with the placed weight in gms(w):

Metacentric height in cm(GM):

Francis Turbine

Enter the diameter of the brakedrum in m(D):

Enter the diameter of the pipeline in m(d0):

Enter the throat diameter of the orificemeter in m(d1):

Enter the coefficient of discharge of orificemeter(Cd):

Enter the weight of the hanger in kg(T0):

Enter the delivery pressure gauge reading in kg/cm2(P):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the orifice in orificemeter in kg/cm2(p1):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the inlet of orficemeter in kg/cm2(p2):

Enter the dead weight placed on the hanger in kg(T1):

Enter the spring balance reading in kg(T2):

Enter the tubine speed in r.p.m(N):





Water supply head in m(H)

Orificemeter head in m(h)

Load on tubine in N(T)

Discharge in m3/sec(Q):

Input power in kW(Pi)

Output power in kW(Po):

Efficiency in percentage(η):

Unit speed(Nu)

Unit power(Pu):

Unit discharge(Qu):

Specific speed(Ns):

Impact of jet - Flat vane

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-m(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in m(R):

Enter the diameter of the nozzle in m(d):

Enter the cummulative weight placed on the upper disc in kg(w):

Enter the time taken for R m rise in the collecting tank in sec(T):





Actual discharge in m3/sec(Qact):

Average velocity in m/sec(v):

Theoritical force exerted on the vane in N(Fth):

Actual force exerted on the vane in N(Fact):

Coefficient of impact(Ci):

Impact of jet - Hemispherical vane

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-m(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in m(R):

Enter the diameter of the nozzle in m(d):

Enter the cummulative weight placed on the upper disc in kg(w):

Enter the time taken for R m rise in the collecting tank in sec(T):





Actual discharge in m3/sec(Qact):

Average velocity in m/sec(v):

Theoritical force exerted on the vane in N(Fth):

Actual force exerted on the vane in N(Fact):

Coefficient of impact(Ci):

Pipe friction

Enter the length of the pipe in m(l):

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-m(A):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in m(R):

Enter the diameter of the pipe in m(D):

Enter the left limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(L):

Enter the right limb reading of mercury manometer in cm of Hg(R):

Enter the time taken for R m rise in the collecting tank in sec(T):





Difference in manometer readings in m of mercury(x):

Head loss due to friction in m of water(hf):

Actual discharge in m3/sec(Qact):

Average velocity in m/sec(v):

friction factor(f):

Centrifugal pump

Enter the Energy meter constant in rev/kW-h(EMC):

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-m(A):

Enter the speed of the pump in r.p.m(N):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in m(R):

Enter the number of revolutions of enery meter disc counted(n):

Enter the delivery pressure in kg/cm2(pd):

Enter the suction pressure in mm of Hg(ps):

Enter the time taken for R m rise in the collecting tank in sec(T):

Enter the time taken for n revolutions of enery meter disc in sec:(tn)





Input power in kW(Pi)

shaft power in kW(Ps):

Discharge in m3/sec(Q):

Total head in m(H):

Pump output in kW(Po):

Pump Efficiency in percentage(ηp):

Overall Efficiency in percentage(ηo):

Specific speed of the pump(Ns):

Reciprocating pump

Enter the Energy meter constant in rev/kW-h(EMC):

Enter the cross-sectional area of the collecting tank in sq-m(A):

Enter the length of stroke in m(L):

Enter the diameter of the cylinder in m(D):

Enter the speed of the pump in r.p.m(N):

Enter the rise of water level in the collecting tank in m(R):

Enter the number of revolutions of enery meter disc counted(n):

Enter the delivery pressure in kg/cm2(pd):

Enter the suction pressure in mm of Hg(ps):

Enter the time taken for R m rise in the collecting tank in sec(T):

Enter the time taken for n revolutions of enery meter disc in sec:(tn)





Input power in kW(Pi)

shaft power in kW(Ps):

Discharge in m3/sec(Q):

Total head in m(H):

Pump output in kW(Po):

Pump Efficiency in percentage(ηp):

Overall Efficiency in percentage(ηo):

Slip percentage:

Rugosity coefficients

Enter the length of the flume in m(L):

Enter the breadth of the flume in m(B):

Enter the depth of the flume in m(D):

Enter the diameter of the pipeline in m(d1):

Enter the throat diameter of the orificemeter in m(d2):

Enter the longitudinal bed slope(s):

Enter the coefficient of discharge of orficemeter(Cd):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the inlet of orficemeter in kg/cm2(p1):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the throat of orficemeter in kg/cm2(p2):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at bed level at start point of flume in cm:(B.L.R1):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at water level at start point of flume in cm:(W.L.R1):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at bed level at mid point of flume in cm:(B.L.R2):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at water level at mid point of flume in cm:(W.L.R2):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at bed level at end point of flume in cm:(B.L.R3):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at water level at end point of flume in cm:(W.L.R3):





Difference in pressure gauge readings in kg/cm2(x):

Orficemeter pressure head in m(h):

Discharge in m3/sec(Q):

Average Depth of flow in flume in m(y):

Area of flow in sq-m(A):

Wetted perimeter in m(P):

Hydraulic mean radius in m(R):

Velocity of flow in m/sec(v):

Chezy's constant(C):

Manning's coefficient(n):

Hydraulic jump

Enter the length of the flume in m(L):

Enter the breadth of the flume in m(B):

Enter the depth of the flume in m(D):

Enter the diameter of the pipeline in m(d1):

Enter the throat diameter of the orificemeter in m(d2):

Enter the coefficient of discharge of orficemeter(Cd):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the inlet of orficemeter in kg/cm2(p1):

Enter the pressure gauge reading at the throat of orficemeter in kg/cm2(p2):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at bed level before the jump in cm:(B.L.R1):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at water level before the jump in cm:(W.L.R1):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at bed level after the jump in cm:(B.L.R2):

Enter the pointer gauge reading taken at water level after the jump in cm:(W.L.R2):





Difference in pressure gauge readings in kg/cm2(x):

Orficemeter pressure head in m(h):

Discharge in m3/sec(Q):

Initial depth in m(y1):

Sequent depth in m(y2):

Velocity of flow before the jump in m/sec(v1):

Velocity of flow after the jump in m/sec(v2):

Specific energy before the jump in m of water(E1):

Specific energy after the jump in m of water(E1):

Loss of specific energy due to jump in m of water(ΔE)

Length of jump in cm(Lj):

Height of jump in cm(Hj):

Froude's number(Fr):